Yemen Declares Ceasefire With Northern Rebels

Yemeni authorities have declared a north truce with rebels fighting government troops.

Cease-fire, which at midnight local time (GMT 2100) came in began and how the struggle to end the day of talks between the government and rebels.

Rebel leader known as Huthis, his men ordered to comply with the cease-fire.

Yemen has been fighting the army rebels since 2004. More than 250,000 were displaced in the region.

Government in August against rebels began their latest assault. Saudi Arabia has also been prepared in the struggle.

Many observers say that the question is how long the cease-fire declared last May.

Yemeni government still empathize with southern separatists and Al Qaeda militants fighting against two others: is facing.

The rebel statement

Fighting fire with news of a presidential decree read on state television came in. "We decided to stop military operations in the north, west of midnight," said decree.

In response, in a statement, rebel leader Abdul Malik Badr Eddin al-fighters ", stop fighting on all fronts by the government has announced within hours."

"Once the ceasefire is a standard, and then open roads and checkpoints and barriers have to move," the statement added.

The move comes after it was informed that several rebels had accepted the terms, Saudi Arabia for a pledge, taken by the Government to prevent fighting for includes not attack.

Zaidi minority Shia community in the province of Saada based Houthi rebels, North West District has been fighting for more than five years.

Three Dead in Indian Kashmir

Three people, including a senior police official, were killed in violence in Indian-administered Kashmir, police sources said.

Two soldiers died when gunmen fired on a police patrol in the town of Sopore north of summer capital Srinagar.

One civilian was killed in Srinagar on Friday after he was allegedly killed by Indian paramilitary groups.

The incident occurred when the Muslim-dominated Kashmir valley remained closed for a fourth day.

Closed after violent protests in Srinagar to protest the killing of 15-year-old boy on Sunday.

Farouk Wamiq wounded in the head by a tear gas and police dispersed a protest in the city against the Indian government.

The officer who fired the fatal bullet that killed the boy had been suspended.

Witnesses said Wamiq had gone to play cricket was not among the protesters who clashed with police on Sunday.

Prayer Commentary

Major cities in the valley of Kashmir and stop the closure of the fourth day in protest at the killing.

There are a number of separatist leaders like Mirwaiz Umar Farooq - considered a moderate - which usually address the congregation on Friday - had been placed under house arrest.

Another prominent separatist leader, Shabir Ahmed Shah, was also arrested.

The pro-India People's main opposition Democratic Party (NDP), said that the discontent among the youth of Kashmir by the stalled peace process between India and Pakistan.

Anti-India sentiment rooted in Muslim majority Kashmir, which is in all of India and Pakistan claim sovereignty and have fought two wars

In the latest violence in Sopore, a policeman and a civilian were injured, and those who died.

Iran Upbeat on the Exchange of Uranium: Mottaki

Iran expects good prospects for reaching an agreement with world powers in exchange of some of the low-enriched uranium to the high-grade fuel could be used in a reactor to produce medical isotopes.

Such an arrangement could represent a breakthrough in the longstanding feud over Iran's nuclear program, but it was unclear whether the conditions for Iran will not be acceptable to the United States and others.

"I personally have created a fertile ground for the exchange of its kind in the not too distant future, and said," Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki at the annual security conference in Munich.

But he said he should be for Tehran to determine the amounts to be exchanged, on the basis of your requirements.

Exchange agreement uranium is first discussed in the last year between Iran and six world powers, who saw it as a way to ensure that Iran does not enrich uranium to a level that would be suitable for use in making a nuclear bomb.

But Tehran, which denies any intent to make the bomb, did not respond to the proposal of the group - the United States, Russia, China, Britain, France and Germany - until this week.

Mottaki said on Saturday and discussed the exchange with the new President of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Yukiya Amano, irrespective of the Munich conference.

"We believe that all parties had demonstrated the political will to achieve this exchange," he said, without mentioning names of certain countries.

Iran is prepared to deliver enriched uranium to 3.5 percent and is 20 percent enriched uranium to use in exchange for Tehran's reactor to produce medical isotopes, he said.

"There must be a guarantee for both parties to be 3.5 per cent due to the certainty of 20 percent will be given to ensure new," he said.

Mottaki said the three elements''to reach an agreement and the timing, location and quantity.

But Iran wants the fuel delivery in two waves, and says the extradition process should be carried out on Iranian soil, the Times said Saturday, citing a copy of the written proposals Tehran gives Members of Parliament British.

All these conditions are part of many previous initiatives that Iran was rejected by the West, he said.

Mottaki said Iran acknowledged it could take several months to its negotiating partners for the production of fuel, 20 percent needed for the reactor in Tehran. "We can understand this period of production," he said.

Once ready, can be "exchanged at the same time" with low-enriched uranium in Iran. He said this should happen.

In another case could be an obstacle, he emphasized it must be for Iran to determine the amounts.

"We have asked the amount must be declared by the enriched uranium is used and the amount will be announced on the basis of our need, and this is the most important point," he said.

In an initial reaction of caution, urged the Swedish Foreign Minister Carl Bildt, and share a platform with Mottaki said Iran was to formalize proposals by the IAEA and the IAEA of nuclear energy.

"Schedule a meeting as soon as possible in accordance with the agreement (with the six powers) on 1 October," said Bildt.

"Go to International Atomic Energy Agency of the last things that you are referring to prepare and submit a proposal for them.

Iran announced earlier this week, the U.S. is pushing for a fourth round of UN sanctions against Iran over its disputed nuclear program, but runs into resistance from China.

Washington believes Iran has stonewalled the international community for years, deliberately prolonging the conflict, while continuing to enrich uranium.

Airlines Canceld Flights in the Mid-Atlantic Regions

The severe storm hit the United States Atlantic on Saturday, and dumping large amounts of snow, and make travel to fall asleep.

Snowfall totals from 20 to 30 inches (51 to 76 cm) and is expected from Virginia to southern New Jersey on Saturday night when the storm is expected to go to the sea.

About 10 inches (25 centimeters of snow had fallen by 1 am local time (0600 GMT) in Washington, DC, and local meteorologists said the storm could bring the heaviest snowfall in 90 years in the Washington area.

Strong winds caused blizzard conditions, especially along the Atlantic coast, with winds to 40 miles (64 kilometers per hour.

Most of the flights were canceled Saturday in Washington and three in the Baltimore area in major airports, Philadelphia International Airport.

Leadership in the region seriously and authorities advised drivers to stay away from roads.

Service Washington subway train will operate only on Saturday and the bus service has been canceled.

Amtrak canceled a number of trains on Saturday between Washington and New York, and between Washington and some places in the south.

Thousands of houses and cut off electricity in the Washington area and heavy wet snow and heavy trees and power lines.

The storm brought the closure of schools and long lines at the supermarket on Friday and rushed Frantic residents of the area to store food and other supplies before the weekend to see the traditional Super Bowl Sunday, a football game.

Virginia, Maryland and the District of Columbia, each declared snow emergencies, allowing them to activate the emergency agencies, including the National Guard to help in the preparation of an attack in the winter and face the consequences.

Storm government offices in the United States in the Washington area to close for four hours Friday morning.

Smithsonian museums and National Zoo will close on Saturday in Washington.

Temperatures are unusually cold after the storm is expected next week in the northeast United States, which is the world's largest market for heating oil, Midwest, and the hub of demand for natural gas.

The field of cold helped to strengthen the New York market in natural gas in the winter Far on Friday, when prices reached about $ 11.50 per million British thermal units, on average, to over $ 4 for starting Thursday.

Chicago Spot gas rose 10 cents to more than $ 5.70. At the same time, heating oil was little changed.

"When we get through the storm the weekend, it will be cooler than the air, invaded the north-east and mid-Atlantic Ocean, and the outlook for a third of the north-east of the country next week and looking a lot cooler than normal," said Jim Rouiller, meteorologist with private forecaster Planalytics change energy.

The same weather system brought heavy rains in parts of south-eastern United States, including the Carolina and Georgia, while a new feed with moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean.

US deployment raises tensions in strategic Gulf

DUBAI - US deployment of anti-missile defences off Iran’s coast and in a number of its Gulf Arab

Deployment of anti-missile defences off Iran’s coast and in a number of its Gulf Arab neighbours is certain to fuel tensions in a strategic region that supplies a third of the world’s oil, analysts say.

“This will make Iran more nervous,” said Mustafa Alani, head of security research at the Dubai-based Gulf Research Centre.

To counter a perceived threat from a controversial Iranian nuclear programme and Tehran’s advancing missile capabilities, Washington has said it is deploying anti-missile weapons systems in the region.

The move is unlikely to please Iran, which has already warned its Arab neighbours in the Gulf not to take part in US moves against the Islamic republic.

But Tehran is likely to take comfort from the announcement in Washington that the US military failed on Sunday to shoot down a ballistic missile in a test resembling an Iranian or North Korean strike.

On Tuesday, Tehran slammed the US plans, insisting Iran poses no danger to its Arab neighbours which had more to fear from Washington’s interference in the region.

“American officials do not realise that they are the problems in the region. The more equipment you bring in, the more it worries the countries where they are deployed,” parliament speaker Ali Larijani said.

“Has Iran ever committed any aggression against any neighbours or the region?” he asked.

The US administration is reportedly placing specialised ships with missile-targeting capabilities off Iran’s coast, and anti-missile systems in at least four Gulf states — Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates.

Saudi Arabia has long had the Patriot missile defence system, while the UAE placed an order in 2008. Bahrain is also home to the US Navy Fifth fleet, Qatar hosts the US Central Command (CENTCOM) and Kuwait has a large US military base.

“Iranians will interpret this as an opening shot in the intensification of US military agenda,” said Professor Anoush Ehteshami, Iran and Gulf expert at Durham University in Britain.

“Tehran will see this as America putting indirect pressure on Iran by extending the security umbrella over Iran’s neighbours,” he told AFP by telephone.

The US administration has not publicly spoken about the reasons for the deployment.

But the New York Times quoted a senior administration official as saying that the moves were meant to deter Iran, and to reassure Israel, which is Tehran’s regional arch-foe.

“Our first goal is to deter the Iranians,” the unidentified official told the newspaper on Saturday.

“A second is to reassure the Arab states, so they don’t feel they have to go nuclear themselves. But there is certainly an element of calming the Israelis as well,” he was quoted as saying.

The US moves follow the failure of UN-led nuclear talks in Vienna between Iran and six major powers. Last month at the talks, Iran refused to forego its uranium enrichment, leaving itself open to international sanctions.

Tehran insists that its nuclear programme is peaceful, but there are suspicions in the West that it may also be working on a covert nuclear bomb.

On Sunday, a radar malfunction was blamed for the failure of a US military test to intercept a ballistic missile resembling an Iranian or North Korean strike.

Washington is seeking to win over its allies to slap a fourth set of UN sanctions on Iran that would target Iran’s elite Revolutionary Guards, which it believes controls the military aspect of Tehran’s nuclear programme.

Alani said Washington is aiming to contain Iran’s threat, if it were to act militarily, by limiting its missile capabilities.

“The only strategic asset for Iran is the Shahab (ballistic) missile system. The Americans have decided now to take this advantage out, through paralysing it with an anti-missile system in the region,” he said.

General David Petraeus, head of CENTCOM which oversees US military operations stretching from the Gulf to Central Asia, said the accelerated deployment of missile systems included eight Patriot missile batteries, “two in each of four countries.”

The United States was also keeping Aegis guided missile cruisers, equipped with advanced radar and anti-missile systems that can intercept medium-range missiles, on patrol in the Gulf at all times, according to Petraeus.

US men held in Pakistan claim 'set up' by police

Five US citizens held in Pakistan on suspicion of plotting attacks have again protested their innocence, saying they have been "set up" and tortured.

One of the suspects threw a scrap of toilet paper - with writing on it which detailed their claims - from the window of a van as they arrived at court.

The men were appearing at a pre-trial hearing in the city of Sargodha.

They deny claims they were plotting attacks in Pakistan and Afghanistan and had sought links with extremists.

Their lawyer, Khalid Khawaja, told that the men would apply for bail on 8 February.

"The state has no real case against them and is now clutching at straws," he said, pointing out that formal charges have still to be made.

"They have failed to produce any strong evidence so far."

Mr Khawaja said that he hoped to file a petition on Wednesday for the court to dismiss charges against the five because of a lack of evidence.

'Innocent'

The note written on toilet paper read: "Since our arrest the USA, the FBI and Pakistani police have tortured us. They are trying to set us up. We are innocent. They are trying to keep us from the public, media, our families and our lawyers. Help us."

The message was signed by "Waqar, Ahmed, Ramy, Umar, Aman" - the names of the five US citizens. Correspondents say that shouts of "we have been tortured" were also heard from the van.

The men, aged between 18 and 25, were arrested in Sargodha in December on suspicion of trying to contact al-Qaeda-linked groups and to plot attacks against Pakistan and its allies.

Pakistani officials say the men were planning to travel to Afghanistan to fight with the Taliban. The men have denied links to al-Qaeda and insist that they wanted to go to Afghanistan for charity work.

They face life imprisonment if put on trial and found guilty. A Pakistani court has barred their deportation to the US.

Pakistan troops 'capture Taliban base in Bajaur'

A major Taliban base in the north-western tribal region of Bajaur has been captured by Pakistani troops after days of fierce fighting, officials say.

Troops are now advancing on the militants' main training area in the Damadola district of Bajaur.

Local residents say hundreds of people are fleeing the area to escape the fighting.

Militants have recently re-established themselves in Bajaur after a military offensive drove them out in 2008.

Security forces overran the Sewai area in the Mamund district of Bajaur on Sunday night, a senior official in Bajaur's main town, Khar, told.

The official said that troops had captured several important heights in the area during Monday's fighting.

The army has been pounding Taliban positions using fighter jets and helicopter gunships.

At least 15 militants and one soldier were reported killed.

Deteriorating security

In February 2009, the army said Bajaur had been cleared of Taliban militants following a military operation launched in August 2008.

But recently the security situation has been deteriorating.

Correspondents say that numerous attacks over the last six months show the militants still maintain a significant presence in the area.

Close to the Afghan border, Bajaur has long been suspected of being a possible hiding-place of Osama Bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and other top al-Qaeda leaders.

Pakistan's military has been focusing on a major offensive, launched in October 2008 in the Taliban stronghold of South Waziristan.

But some analysts say that military operation has simply displaced militants to other parts of the tribal belt.

Iran's Mousavi says he will continue fight for reform

Iran's opposition leader Mir Hossein Mousavi has said he will continue his struggle against the government.

In a statement posted on his website, Mr Mousavi said the 1979 Islamic revolution had failed to achieve most of its goals.

He said politically motivated arrests of protesters were illegal and more should be done to secure people's rights.

His comments constitute one of his strongest challenges to the government.

They also come at a particularly sensitive time. Iran will mark the 31st anniversary of the founding of the Islamic Republic on 11 February.

As one of the key players in the founding of the Islamic Republic, his comments have extra resonance.

Correspondent says Mr Mousavi's comments will outrage hard-line supporters of the government. He is now pushing to the very limit of what he can say without being arrested.

Call for rallies

The anniversary is one of the most important dates in Iran's political calendar. Mr Mousavi and his reformist ally Mehdi Karroubi have called on their supporters to attend rallies on the day of the anniversary.

But hardliners, including the country's supreme leader, have warned that anti-government protests will not be tolerated.

Tensions in Iran are still high after bloody demonstrations during the Shia ritual of Ashura in December when eight protesters were killed and officials said over 1,000 were arrested.

Mr Mousavi's nephew Seyed Ali Mousavi was among those killed.

The December clashes were the worst episode of violence since the aftermath of last June's disputed presidential election and subsequent government crackdown.

On Tuesday the government threatened to execute nine people who were allegedly arrested during the post-election unrest that erupted after the vote that returned President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad to power.

"The green movement will not abandon its peaceful fight... until people's rights are preserved," Mr Mousavi wrote on his Kalemeh website. "Peaceful protests are Iranians' right."

Mr Mousavi also said that the Islamic revolution in Iran had failed to eradicate the "roots of tyranny and dictatorship" that, he said, marked the shah's era.

He said he no longer believed, as he once did, "that the revolution had removed all those structures which could lead to totalitarianism and dictatorship".

"Today, one can identify both elements and foundations which produce dictatorship as well as resistance against returning to this dictatorship," he said.

"Stifling the media, filling the prisons and brutally killing people who peacefully demand their rights in the streets indicate the roots of tyranny and dictatorship remain from the monarchist era. I don't believe that the revolution achieved its goals," Mr Mousavi added.

Last month Mr Mousavi said that he was not afraid to die for the cause of reform.

US jury considers Pakistani neuroscientist charge

Prosecutors have said a Pakistani woman accused of shooting at US agents was determined to kill them, in the closing arguments of her trial in New York.

The jury has now retired to consider a charge of attempted murder against 37-year-old neuroscientist Aafia Siddiqui.

She is alleged to have used a rifle to shoot at US agents while waiting to be questioned in Afghanistan.

Her defence team claims that there is no forensic evidence the rifle alleged to have been used was ever fired.

None of the US soldiers or agents in the room was injured in the incident, but Ms Siddiqui herself was shot.

She maintains she is innocent.

"She saw her chance to kill Americans and she took it," Assistant US Attorney Christopher La Vigne told jurors in New York on Monday.

"Not only did she have the motive and intent to harm the United States, she had the know-how to do it," he said.

The prosecutor called her a liar, adding that Ms Siddiqui was "no shrinking violet".

But Ms Siddiqui's defence lawyer, Linda Moreno, said the forensic evidence was weak: no bullets, shell casings or bullet debris were recovered from the scene.

She also said that the government's eye-witnesses contradicted each other in their testimony, the Reuters news agency reported.

"Let's leave behind the fear and talk about what the evidence tells us," Ms Moreno said.

'Secret prison'

Ms Siddiqui was taken into custody by Afghan police in July 2008 on suspicion of carrying containers of unidentified chemicals and notes referring to "mass-casualty attacks" in New York.

She was not charged in connection with possessing hazardous materials or plotting terrorist attacks, but only over the alleged shooting incident.

The trial heard evidence from US Army Capt Robert Snyder, who said that an unnamed soldier created a deadly risk by not securing his weapon at an Afghan police outpost on 18 July 2008.

Prosecutors allege that while being detained at that outpost, Ms Siddiqui grabbed the weapon and fired it.

As her trial opened on 20 January, Ms Siddiqui interrupted proceedings to shout at the jury that while in Afghanistan she had been held in a "secret prison... where children were tortured".

Wife pleads for missing Sri Lanka journalist

The wife of a Sri Lankan journalist who mysteriously disappeared one week ago has pleaded that he be freed by whoever is holding him.

Prageeth Eknaligoda's colleagues said he wrote articles favourable to losing presidential candidate Sarath Fonseka.

Gen Fonseka lost last Tuesday's election to the incumbent President, Mahinda Rajapaksa.

Media rights groups have also condemned the government for shutting down a newspaper critical of the government.

Mr Eknaligoda, a writer for the website lankaenews.com, left home last Sunday morning but has not been heard from since he phoned a colleague that evening, a call that was abruptly cut off.

Emergency regulations

His wife, Sandhya, has told a Sunday newspaper that she and their two sons have not slept for days, saying: "My plea to whoever has Prageeth is to please send him back home".

The website has shut itself down after police searched its premises.

At the same time, local media groups have condemned the authorities' forced suspension of a pro-opposition newspaper, Lanka, and the arrest of its editor.

Their statement accused the government of launching "repression" against media outlets that did not obey government orders or that expressed dissenting voices.

The director of the Criminal Investigation Department told, the editor was being held under emergency regulations, because a recent article might have violated rules on government inquiries into terrorism.

Since the president's election victory, the government has moved to secure its position.

On Friday, it raided the Gen Fonseka's office, arresting 13 people.

It has also detained a serving brigadier who once served directly under Gen Fonseka and has reshuffled many senior military officers.

The Sunday Times newspaper says the move has demoted many suspected of favouring the general.

Gaddafi thwarted over African Union presidency

Libya's leader Muammar Gaddafi has failed in his bid to stay on as president of the African Union for another year.

At the annual AU summit in Ethiopia, leaders from 53 African countries chose the president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika, to take his place.

A orrespondent at the summit says Col Gaddafi was very reluctant to stand down, causing considerable resentment.

He used his farewell speech to call for political unity in Africa.

Earlier UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon urged African leaders to work for national unity in Sudan to prevent the south seceding from the north.

Mr Ban said both the UN and AU had a big responsibility "to maintain peace in Sudan and make unity attractive".

A referendum is due next year on whether the oil-rich south should become independent.

Renewed efforts

Libya has chaired the AU for the past year, and under the system of rotating regional blocs, the job was due to go to a southern African leader.

However, Mr Gaddafi wanted to extend the term. He had the support of Tunisia, and is said to have won over some smaller countries by paying their AU membership dues.

Malawi was apparently backed solidly for the role by southern and eastern African countries.

The correspondent says the organisation needed a country chair with strong financial muscle, like Libya, but also needed to be seen to be respecting its own rules and processes.

After conceding the presidency, Mr Gaddafi said he would continue to promote his vision of a "United States of Africa", adding that he did not need to keep the title of AU head.

"My brother president of the Republic of Malawi will replace me and take over," he said.

"There is no need for any title, I'll remain in the front struggling."

The theme of the three-day AU summit in Addis Ababa is information and technology.

In an opening speech to the African leaders, Mr Ban called for renewed efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goals, which include reducing poverty, disease and child mortality, ahead of their target date of 2015.

"We have seen a sharp decrease in malaria and measles deaths across the continent, virtual gains in primary school enrolment, marked improvement in child health," he said.

"We must build on these successes and help spread them around the world."

Heads of states will also be discussing, among other issues, the escalating violence in Somalia.

High tensions

Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir has said he will accept the result of a referendum even if the south voted for independence.

"Whatever the result of the [southern Sudan's] referendum we have to think how to manage the outcome," Mr Ban said in an interview to radio.

"It is very important for Sudan but also for the region. We'll work hard to avoid a possible secession," he added.

Sudan's mainly Muslim north and the animist and Christian south ended a two-decade war in 2005 and joined a unity government.

But tensions remain high ahead of the country's first genuine multi-party national elections since 1986, due in April.

The south, which has a semi-autonomous government, is likely to vote to secede from the north in the 2011 referendum, correspondents say.

States renew vows to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

Governments around the world have reaffirmed their plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions in support of last month's Copenhagen climate summit.

Nations signing up to the summit accord were urged to outline pledges by Sunday. States producing at least two-thirds of emissions have done so.

Correspondents say the accord is widely seen as a disappointment.

However, the level of support for it is seen as an indicator of prospects for a legally binding deal later in the year.

Many developing countries who face the worst impacts from climate change seem willing to sign up to the agreement, as it includes firm commitments on funding in both the short and the medium terms.

But others are unhappy with the idea that the accord could become a new basis of negotiations towards a legally binding treaty, and it is feared that some may refuse to associate with it.

Lacking teeth

Governments around the world have reaffirmed their plans to cut greenhouse gas emissions in support of last month's Copenhagen climate summit.

Nations signing up to the summit accord were urged to outline pledges by Sunday. States producing at least two-thirds of emissions have done so.

Correspondents say the accord is widely seen as a disappointment.

However, the level of support for it is seen as an indicator of prospects for a legally binding deal later in the year.

Many developing countries who face the worst impacts from climate change seem willing to sign up to the agreement, as it includes firm commitments on funding in both the short and the medium terms.

But others are unhappy with the idea that the accord could become a new basis of negotiations towards a legally binding treaty, and it is feared that some may refuse to associate with it.

Lacking teeth

The UN's Climate Change Secretariat says it will publish a list of signatories on Monday.

Leading emitters such as the US, India, China and the EU have already written in.

Some smaller emitters have also sent pledges or asked to be associated with the deal.

December's Copenhagen climate conference reached an accord including a recognition to limit temperature rises to less than 2C (3.6F).

It also promises to deliver $30bn (£18.5bn) of aid for developing nations over the next three years, to cope with the impact of climate change, and further funds to help them reduce emissions.

But analysts say the accord looks unlikely to contain temperature rises to within 2C, the threshold that UN scientists say is needed to avert serious climate change.

Environmentalists and aid agencies have branded it a failure, but UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon described the deal as an "essential beginning".

Environment reporter says the accord lacks teeth and does not include any clear targets on cutting emissions.

But if most countries at least signal what they intend to do to cut their emissions, it will mark the first time that the UN has a comprehensive written collection of promised actions, he says.

The next round of negotiations is due to be held in December in Cancun, Mexico.

It is unclear whether a legally binding deal can be reached at Cancun, amid uncertainties such as about whether the US Congress can pass a bill which includes emissions reductions.